These forests are protected by a national park (the Guiana Amazonian Park), and six additional nature reserves. This is one of the largest worldwide for the leatherback turtle. [6][7] The region still faces such problems as illegal immigration, poorer infrastructure than mainland France, higher costs of living, higher levels of crime and more common social unrest.[8]. As of 2007[update], the Amazonian forest, located in the most remote part of the department, is protected as the Guiana Amazonian Park, one of the ten national parks of France. En mai 1966, lors de l'accession à l'indépendance du Guyana, et les relations diplomatiques on été établies entre les deux pays. Le Colonial Office justifie cette décision en déclarant que « le gouvernement britannique a décidé que la Constitution du Guyana devait être suspendue pour prévenir la subversion communiste du gouvernement et une crise dangereuses dans l'ordre public et les affaires économiques »[5]. There was some fighting among settlers. Réserver les meilleures activités à Guyane, Amérique du Sud sur Tripadvisor : consultez 1 898 avis de voyageurs et photos de 44 choses à faire à Guyane. Roughly 14% of the population is of European ancestry. Avec un taux de croissance projeté de 16,3 % entre 2018 et 2021, le Guyana aurait la plus forte croissance économique au monde. At the 2014 census, 57.3% of the inhabitants of French Guiana were born in French Guiana, 9.3% were born in Metropolitan France, 3.0% were born in the French Caribbean departments and collectivities (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Martin, Saint Barthélemy), and 30.2% were born in foreign countries (primarily Suriname, Brazil and Haiti).[32]. A chronic issue affecting French Guiana is the influx of illegal immigrants and clandestine gold prospectors from Brazil and Suriname. En somme, les pays membres comme le Guyana jouissent d'un réseau politique composé de 80 organisations intergouvernementales, culturelles, professionnelles et de sociétés civiles. It was returned to France with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1814. Un circuit complet pour vibrer au rythme des multiples attraits, culturels et naturels, de la Guyane et de ses habitants. C’est en tout cas ce que révèle l&rsqu Le climat est tropical, presque équatorial, c'est-à-dire chaud et humide, mais cependant modéré par les alizés du nord-est le long de la côte. The Maroons, descendants of escaped African slaves, live primarily along the Maroni River. French Guiana is divided into 2 arrondissements and 22 communes: French Guiana's main international airport is Cayenne – Félix Eboué Airport, located in the commune of Matoury, a southern suburb of Cayenne. In 1964, French president Charles de Gaulle decided to construct a space-travel base in French Guiana. The flight time from Cayenne to Paris is 8 hours and 10 minutes, and from Paris to Cayenne it is 8 hours and 30 minutes. Bill Marshall, Professor of Comparative Cultural Studies at the University of Stirling[10] wrote of French Guiana's origins: The first French effort to colonize Guiana, in 1763, failed utterly, as settlers were subject to high mortality given the numerous tropical diseases and harsh climate: all but 2,000 of the initial 12,000 settlers died. Le Guyana est l'un des deux derniers pays sur le continent américain où la conduite se fait du côté gauche, l'autre étant son voisin, le Suriname. Sugar and bananas were traditionally two of the main cash crops grown for export but have almost completely disappeared. The Guianese Socialist Party dominated politics in French Guiana until 2010. Le commandement fut assumé par les Britanniques vers la fin du XVIIIe siècle et les Néerlandais ont formellement cédé le territoire en 1814. The department was considered suitable for the purpose because it is near the equator and has extensive access to the ocean as a buffer zone. French Guiana is the only territory of the mainland Americas to have full integration in a European country. The resulting ashes elevate soil pH (i.e., lower soil acidity), and contribute minerals and other nutrients to the soil. Estimates of the percentages of French Guiana ethnic composition are difficult to produce due to the presence of a large proportion of immigrants. in the French central state in the 21st century, French Guiana is a part of the European Union, and its official currency is the euro. Cette communauté de la secte du Temple du Peuple rentre dans l'histoire le 18 novembre 1978 par le suicide collectif de 914 personnes dont 276 enfants. Starting in 1960, the Tour of Guiana, an annual multiple stage bicycle race, is held. Le Guyana est entouré au sud-est par le Suriname, au sud et au sud-ouest par le Brésil et au nord-ouest par le Venezuela. The region has the highest nominal GDP per capita in South America. Nombre d'aéroports : 117 (dont 11 avec des pistes goudronnées) (en 2013). Son code Insee est le 973. It borders Brazil to the east and south and Suriname to the west. Nombre de fournisseurs d'accès Internet : 3 (en 2000) As a part of France, French Guiana is part of the European Union and the Eurozone; its currency is the euro. Agriculture is largely undeveloped and is mainly confined to the area near the coast and along the Maroni River. There have been several phases launched by the French government to combat illegal gold mining in French Guiana, beginning with Operation Anaconda beginning in 2003, followed by Operation Harpie in 2008, 2009 and Operation Harpie Reinforce in 2010. Voici LES SOLUTIONS de Codycross POUR "Chef-lieu de la guyane" CodyCross Casino Groupe 269 Grille 4. Le Guyana (/gɥi.ja.na/ ; en anglais : /ɡaɪˈɑː.nə/ ou /ɡaɪˈæ.nə/ ), en forme longue la république coopérative du Guyana (en anglais : Co-Operative Republic of Guyana) anciennement Guyane britannique, est le seul État du Commonwealth situé en Amérique du Sud. Built in 1969, it replaced the old harbour of Cayenne which was congested and could not cope with modern traffic. Since December 2015 both the region and the department have been ruled by a single assembly within the framework of a new territorial collectivity, the French Guiana Territorial Collectivity (French: collectivité territoriale de Guyane). La Guyane britannique accède finalement à l'indépendance en 1966 sous le nom de Guyana. Lignes de téléphone : 154 200 (en 2012)[1] The main Amerindian groups (forming about 3–4% of the population) are the Arawak, Carib, Emerillon (now called the Teko), Galibi (now called the Kaliña), Palikur, Wayampi and Wayana. The soldiers fired warning shots and rubber "flash balls", but the miners managed to retake one of their boats and about 500 grams of gold. The President of France appoints a prefect (resident at the prefecture building in Cayenne) as his representative to head the local government of French Guiana. 17 déc. Though Portugal returned the region to France, it kept a military presence until 1817. After French Guiana was established as a penal colony, officials sometimes used convicts to catch butterflies. Logging remains moderate due to the lack of roads, difficult climate, and difficult terrain. A Data for the four overseas departments of French Guiana, Martinique, Guadeloupe, and Réunion, not including the new overseas department of Mayotte. Les tepuys du Guyana sont célèbres pour avoir inspiré le roman d'Arthur Conan Doyle Le Monde perdu, en 1912. During most of the year, rainfall across the country is heavy due to the presence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and its powerful thunderstorm cells. Le « chef » (au sens premier, la « Tête » (« Head »), sans aucun pouvoir factuel) du Commonwealth est de droit le roi ou la reine du Royaume-Uni, actuellement Élisabeth II. En 1963, le gouvernement progressiste du « ministre en chef » Cheddi Jagan résiste à une tentative de coup d’État qui laisse 170 morts[6]. C'est un pays multiethnique en raison surtout de l'arrivée massive d'immigrants en provenance de l'Afrique noire et de l'Inde hindouiste. As an integral part of France, its head of state is the President of the French Republic, and its head of government is the Prime Minister of France. There are also smaller groups from various Caribbean islands, mainly Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Lucia as well as Dominica. [37] Soon after Operation Harpie Reinforce began, an altercation took place between French authorities and Brazilian miners. Article 49 of the law proposed the creation of a single organization responsible for environmental conservation in French Guiana. La société T.S.V. [5] Illegal and ecologically destructive gold mining by Brazilian garimpeiros is a chronic issue in the remote interior rain forest of French Guiana. Ne pas confondre avec les Guyanais et les Guyanaises qui sont les habitants de la Guyane. Threats to the ecosystem are: habitat fragmentation from roads, which remains very limited compared to other forests of South America; immediate and deferred impacts of EDF's Petit-Saut Dam; gold mining; poor control of hunting and poaching, facilitated by the creation of many tracks; and the introduction of all-terrain vehicles. Countries and dependencies of South America, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&oldid=994371143, French-speaking countries and territories, States and territories established in 1946, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages move-protected due to vandalism, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from August 2020, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from August 2020, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from June 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2014, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2017, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 1 (all overseas regions consist of a department in themselves. Its president is Rodolphe Alexandre. The soil is low in nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, potassium) and organic matter. Guyana possède le code ISO (code du pays) unique à deux lettres GY (qui est aussi le code de son domaine internet de premier niveau), son code pays à trois lettres est GUY, et son code pays à trois chiffres est 328. Before European contact, the territory was originally inhabited by Native Americans, most speaking the Arawak language, of the Arawakan language family. Le Guyana est confronté à deux revendications territoriales par ses voisins : Pendant des années, pour avoir un accès facilité aux mines d’or, on pratiquait la déforestation dans la forêt amazonienne. Regional languages include French Guianese Creole (not to be confused with Guyanese Creole), six Amerindian languages (Arawak, Palijur, Kali'na, Wayana, Wayampi, Emerillon), four Maroon creole languages (Saramaka, Paramaccan, Aluku, Ndyuka), as well as Hmong Njua. There are two flights a day to Paris (Orly Airport), served by Air France and Air Caraïbes. Box 2648 - Paramaribo – Surinam Mail : suriname chez guyane.cci.fr. French Guiana was originally inhabited by indigenous people: Kalina, Arawak, Galibi, Palikur, Teko, Wayampi and Wayana. It was first published in France in 1969, describing his escape from a penal colony there. Des troupes sont envoyées et la Constitution est suspendue. Today they have been replaced by livestock raising (essentially beef cattle and pigs) in the coastal savannas between Cayenne and the second-largest town, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, and market gardening (fruits and vegetables) developed by the Hmong communities settled in French Guiana in the 1970s, both destined to the local market. "The violent reaction by the garimpeiros can be explained by the exceptional take of 617 grams of gold, about 20 percent of the quantity seized in 2009 during the battle against illegal mining", said Phillipe Duporge, the director of French Guiana's border police, at a press conference the next day.[38]. Espérance de vie des hommes : 64 ans (en 2011) On 12 March 2010 a team of French soldiers and border police were attacked while returning from a successful operation, during which "the soldiers had arrested 15 miners, confiscated three boats, and seized 617 grams of gold... currently worth about $22,317". French Guiana, as part of France, forms part of the European Union – the largest landmass for an area outside of Europe (since Greenland left the European Community in 1985), with one of the longest EU external boundaries. Slavery was abolished in the colonies at the time of the French Revolution. Logging concessions or free transfers are sometimes granted by local authorities to persons traditionally deriving their livelihood from the forest. En 2003, la population de la Guyana était estimée à 865 200 habitants. Research is being actively pursued in multiple fields to determine how these enriched soils were historically created, and how this can be done in modern times. Fewer than 10% survived their sentence.[11]. Enfin les anglicans (qui sont des protestants conservateurs) sont pour leurs part représentés par le diocèse anglican du Guyana[14]. [29], In 2017, the GDP per capita of French Guiana at market exchange rates, not at PPP, was US$18,313 (€16,218),[2] the highest in South America,[30] but only 46.7% of metropolitan France's average GDP per capita that year, and 55.5% of the metropolitan French regions outside the Paris Region. The micro-organisms would be much more numerous, especially in the north, which competes with the Brazilian Amazon, Borneo and Sumatra. Le point le plus élevé est le. Cet ensemble, le Commonwealth, établit des règles et une solidarité partagées par ses membres. Le Guyana acceptait les recommandations 70.20, 70.21 et 70.22. L’indicatif téléphonique de Guyana est le +592. Le pays exporte surtout du bauxite, du manganèse, des pierres précieuses et du rhum, et importe des denrées alimentaires et du pétrole. The official language of French Guiana is French, and it is the predominant language of the department, spoken by most residents as a first or second language. Un département Français, une ancienne colonie Hollandaise (Suriname), une ancienne colonie Anglaise (Guyana). Utilisateurs d'Internet : 189 600 (en 2009)[1] It is one of only three European Union territories outside Europe that is not an island (the others being the Spanish Autonomous Cities in Africa, Ceuta and Melilla). In addition, a number of other local languages exist. De plus il s'agit également du seul État d'Amérique du Sud où la langue officielle est l'anglais[3].
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